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Composition and functions of CSF
Composition
Clear fluid
Slightly alkaline
Specific gravity : 1.005 - approximately isotonic solution
Consists of
water
mineral salts
glucose
plasma proteins : small amounts of albumin and globulin
creatinine
urea
Functions
Supports and protects the brain and the spinal cord - a basic mechanical and immunological protection to the brain inside the skull.
Maintains a uniform pressure in the brain
Cushions and absorbs shock
Maintains moisture
Carries nutrients to the nerve cells
Carries away wastes
Prevention of brain ischemia
Normal values
Normal values vary from lab to lab but typically range as follows :-
Pressure: 50 - 180 mm H20
Appearance: clear, colorless
CSF total protein: 15 - 45 mg/100 mL
Gamma globulin: 3 - 12% of the total protein
CSF glucose: 50 - 80 mg/100 mL (or approximately 2/3 of blood sugar level)
CSF cell count: 0 - 5 white blood cells, no red blood cells
Chloride: 110 - 125 mEq per liter
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