Hypothalamus

Definition

Hypothalamus – The master control of the autonomic nervous system - parasympathetic and sympathetic.

This system stimulates and controls

the heart,

most glands

smooth muscles.

In effect, this system allows all the systems to excite and relax, as needed.

This system integrates the autonomic and endocrine functions with behavior.

Structure and functions

This region contains small nuclei and nerve tracts

The nuclei called mammillary bodies are involved in olfactory reflexes and emotional response to odours

The funnel shaped infundibulum from the hypothalamus connects to the posterior pituitary or neurohypophysis

This region controls the secretions of pituitary gland

The hypothalamus receives inputs from several sensory systems such as tongue,nose and external genitalia.

It is associatedwith emotional and mood relationships

It provides a relaxed feeling