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Mandible

Definition

Mandible, the largest and strongest bone of the face

Forms the lower jaw

Holds the lower teeth.

Parts

A curved, horizontal portion, the body.

Two perpendicular portions, the rami.

Alveolar process, the tooth bearing area of the mandible

Condyle, which makes the temporomandibular joint with the temporal bone

Coronoid process, which provides attachment to the temporalis muscle

Foramens

Mandibular foramen - paired

Mental foramen - paired.

Nerves

Inferior alveolar nerve, branch of the mandibular division of Trigeminal (V) nerve, enters the mandibular foramen and runs forward in the mandibular canal, supplying sensation to the teeth. At the mental foramen the nerve divides into two terminal branches : incisive and mental nerves. The incisive nerve runs forward in the mandible and supplies the anterior teeth. The mental nerve exits the mental foramen and supplies sensation to the lower lip.

Articulations

The mandible articulates with the two temporal bones at the temporomandibular joints.

Applied Anatomy

Injuries

Mandibular fractures are often accompanied by a 'twin fracture' on the contralateral (opposite) side.

The mandible may be dislocated anteriorly and inferiorly from the temporomandibular joint.

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