Umbilical Cord
Definition
o Umbilical cord is the connection between the foetus and the placenta (uterus) through which the foetal circulation is maintained until birth.
Structure
o The umbilical cord consists of a tubular or cylindrical, long gelatinous tissue called the
Wharton's jelly
o It contains in it the two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein.
o Umbilical arteries convey the deoxygenated foetal blood from the foetal heart to the placenta
o The umbilical vein conveys oxygenated blood from the placenta to the foetal heart
o The umbilical cord during the early stages contains the vitellointestinal duct the connection between the midgut and the yolk sac
o The umbilical cord is around 50 cm in length
o It allows the foetus to move about feely inside the uterus.
o The attachment to the placenta may be central, eccentric or velamentous.
o It also contains a diverticulum of the yolk sac called the allantois which is related to the development of the urogenital system
Variations found in the umbilical cord
o Knots - true knots - false knots - usually they do not cause any problem
o Twisted cord - because of the rotating movements of foetus, the cord may get twisted like a rope - rarely only it causes injury to the foetus.
o Umbilical cords of twins may get entangled if they share one amniotic cavity.
Problems during delivery
o Cord presentation - gets compressed by the foetal head - leads to the death of the foetus
o Cord prolapse - cord comes out and hangs
o Cord around neck - once, twide or thrice around.
Cord care
o The umbilical cord ligated after the umbilical artery stops pulsating.
o The end of the cord with the baby is clamped with a special clamp to prevent bleeding from the stump. - cleaned by the touch of alcohol.- after about the first week the cord withers off
o Cord blood contains stem cells. It may be collected and preserved since it may be a remedy for certain diseases of the child.
List of pictures
- Vessels inside the Umbilical Cord
- Umbilical Cord and The Baby
- Umbilical Cord Cut During Delivery
- Umibilica Cord Blood Drawn and preserved - used to cure certain diseases
- Umbilical Cord Clamps
- The vessels of the umbilical cord
- Marked Spiralling
- Twisted cord - caused
- two cords - single placenta
- Normal Three Vessel Cord
- Abnormal Two Vessel Cord
- Cord Around Neck - Baby Dead
- True Umbilical Knot
- True Umbilical Knot
- False or Pseudo Knot