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Ureter

Definition

The tube that conveys urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

30 cm

3 mm dia

Course

It is the continuation of the renal pelvis downwards

It passes down through the abdominal cavity

Passes behind the peritoneum in front of the psoas muscle into the pelvic cavity

Passes obliquely through the posterior wall of the urinary bladder

The obliquity acts like a sphincter and prevents backflow of urine into the ureter

Structure

Three layers

outer : fibrous tissue

middle : muscle layer

inner : transitional epithelium

Function

Ureter propels urine from the kidney into the bladder by peristalsis

Wave of contraction originates from a pacemaker in the minor calyces

Peristaltic waves occur at 10 seconds intervals

Applied anatomy

Stone - obstruction - hydronephrosis, hydroureter

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